Hand controlled hydraulic drive mechanism



June 19, 1945. M. H. ARMS HAND CONTROLLED HYDR AULIC DRIVE MECHANISMFiled Aug. 22, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 M. H. ARMS HAND CONTROLLEDHYDRAULIC DRIVE MECHANISM June 19, 1945.

Filed Aug. 22, 1958 :s Sheets-Sheet 2 June 19, 1945. M, H, ARMS2,378,680

HAND CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEGHANISM' Filed Aug. 22, 1938 5Sheets-:Sheet 5v iii A E r Z00 9Q 8 14/ y .Fig'ure'3 isadiagrammatic-view'of a portion of portion of Figure 3,"but showi ing. avmodification Patented June- 19. 1945v I 'HANDCONTROLLED HYDRAULIC naivef' MECHANISM" Merton -H. Arms, Springfield,; Vt. assignori to BryantChucking Grinderwcompany, Spring- V field, 'Vt., acorporation of VermontApplication August 22, 1 938, Serial-No. 226,135

' (c1. so 52) p p H 9 Claims. This invention relates to mechanism formanually controlling the speed of motion of a 'hydraulicfdrivemechanism',-' and more particularly to'amovable carriage such as may beemployed, for example,- to support eitherthe tool or the "work foramachiningoperation.

Oneob'ject of-this invention is to provide such a manual control whichcan be applied readily to hydraulically actuated'machines. "and in ac-cordance with which the speed of travel of the a part moved may becontrolled by the operator at will;- orthe speed controlledautomatically by the setting of the normal machine controls. I

Fora more complete understanding of this invention, reference may bepanying drawings, in which" r Figure 1' is a perspective 'vi'ewof aninternal grinding machine embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a traversing-stop cam.

had to the accomthe hydraulic systemand showing the manual speed controlincorporated therein. t v

.Figure 3a, is ,a fragmentary view-similar to a rig the selectorvalveits dressing'axial position.

..Figures 370 to 3n; inclusive, are detail sectional views on lineslc-ic to nn, respectively.

Figure 4is'a view similar to Figure 3 but show- Figure 5 is a viewsimilar to a portion of Fig- ,ure 4, but showing one of thehydraulio'valves in adifferent axial position as when the traversingcarriage haspassed beyond one of its normal I rindinglimits and is inthe-wheel truing portion .of itspathof travel. i

' For purpose of illustration this invention is shown as embodied inahydraulically-actuated internal grinding machine of the type shown inmy, Patent 2,176,985, granted October 24,-1939, for Grinding machine,though it shouldbe understoodithat it is not limitedto any particularmeans (not shown) to. a wheel shaft 9 supporting agrindingwheel loon'itsouter end. At II is shown a casing for a work'support in which work iscarried for rotation as is well understood in'thi's art. The supportingbarB with its carriage 1 is traversed to bring the-grinding wheel I ininto or out of the work and to effect traverse type of; machine, or inits broadest aspects to any particular-typeof hydraulic controlmechanism. Reference may be made to this patent for details-of thehydraulic system not-fully shown herein. 4 1 I The machine shown'for'pur'pose' of illustration comprises a bed. I', as shown'in Figure1, having spaced upwardly.extendingportions 2 and 3 supporting alinedhydraulic cylinders 4 and 5. The pistons of these cylinders areconnected to a supporting bar 6 on which is mounted a'grinding head. 1This head"lmaycarry-thereon a grindingrwheellmotor acon'nectecl bysuitable driving 1 of the work when in contact therewith, by hydraulicpower applied to one or theother of the hydraulic cylinders [and 5, a'fluid such as oil "being used'in the well understood manner. 'Thehydraulic cylinders constitute a reversible hydraulicmotdr for movingthe carriage, being provided with passages 2| and 22. alternativelypressureand discharge passages, depending on the directional motion ofthe motor.

A-- hydraulic system for accomplishing this is shown diagrammatically inFigure 3, there being shown at 35 an oil pump by which oil is taken fromthe supply tank-36 and delivered through a pipe 31 to a main valvecasing 39 containing the :various control valves which will-later bedescribed; A relief valve set to maintain a predeterminedconstant supplypressure is shown at 38-for discharging excess oil from the supply line31--into the tank. The oil is returned from the main valve casingthrough the discharge line 3| and a back pressure-valve '40 whichin'suressufficient pressurein the system at all times, say, about tenpounds, to prevent the entry of air.

The oil ata pressure; say, of to pounds is conducted through the supply1ine3l through the main casing. Three'main control valves areemployed,'-a pilot valve, a reversing valve 42, and

a selector valve 43; A control handle 30 is fixed directly to the'pilotvalve 4 I. This-pilot valve has anaxialmovement substantially parallelto the wheel 'traverese direction and. a rocking movement. The reversingvalve 42 has an axial movement only. -The selector valve 43 has bothaxial and rocking motions; The angular motions offthe selector: valveare produced through vangular motions of the pilot valve through a gearion the pilot valve imeshing' with a partial gear shown 5111 dottedlines at I 41, Which, in turn, .mesheswithga gear. 48 on the selectorvalve. with which it also has sliding engagement.

' To the pilot valve 4| is secured a cam I00 shown in detail in Figure2, this having indicated different angular. positions corresponding tosimilar angularpositions-ofthe handle 30 and indicated as grind,fdress,"stop,fand fast. When the handle. is in grind" position, as shownin Figures3 and 4, the carriage traversesautomatically in one and thenthe other direction for-the dogs 80 and 8| co-act with the cam plate|||l|-' so that when the handle 3||is in grinding position, they strikeon opposite sides of this card and move the pilot valve 4| axiallyadjacent to the ends of the stroke of the grinding wheel to make reverseconnections to start the traverse in the reverse direction.

Figure 3 shows the pilot and selector valves-in their grindingpositions. When the handle 3|) is turned to dress position, by turningit clock wise as viewed from the left in Figure 3, valves 4| to 43willbe turned to their dress positions. In the dress position the camdog 8|) will clear the cam plate I so that the carriage may have anextended traverse outwardly from the work to an extent sufiicient topermit the cam dog |35 to contact the upper end of a lever |3|, rockingthis lever and moving the selector valve 43 to the right into theposition of Figure 3a where it opens suitable ports leading to asuitable wheel dressing mechanism, the details of which are notpertinent to the present invention. The speed of traverse throughoutthegrinding portion of this stroke and the extended or truing portionmay be placed under the control of the hand-operated speed control. Theparts shown in Figure 3 are in the position to effect grind traverse tothe left from the normal right hand grind limit of traverse.

The oil under pressure passes from the pump 35 through the passage 31around the selector valve 43, as shown by the arrows, to the reversingvalve 42 around the reversing valve passage 420 and through the passage22 to the end of the righthand cylinder. In this position of the parts,also, the fluid under pressure in the passage 31 passes through passage3 10, around the reversing valve through the annular passage 31a whichis always open, up to the pilot valve through passage 3', through valvepassage M0, and through the passage 60 to the right hand end of thereversing valve 42, which is thus held in its left hand position. Thepipe 2| leadingto the left hand cylinder 4 at the same time isdischarging, as shown by the arrows, into the passage 66. In the machineshown in my Patent No. 2,176,985, this discharge takes place throughother mechanism not material to this invention and hence not shownherein.

From the passage66, the discharge takes place past the reversing valvein either of two paths, one of which leads through the reversing valvepassage 42|, through the passage 61 to the pilot valve 4|, and aroundits neck 4| to the upper face of a throttle valve and also to the intakeof the metering device P. The other path is from the reversing valvepassage 42| through the pipe 68 and past the needle valve 69 into thesaid discharge passage 61. Flow from the passage 61 is past the valve 10into the passage through the ports Ha and 1 lb (the valve 43 beingpositioned 45 counterclockwise from its Figure 3m position), into andthrough channels 430 and 43| to the return passage 3|. In the shiftingof the pilot valve from its left hand position shown in this figure, thedischarge passage 61 is atfirst closed, the neck 4|| of this valvemoving out of line with this passage 61, so that all the discharge hasto take place past the needle valve at 69, thus acting to slow thetraverse of the carriage 1 before the actuation of the reversing valve42 to start the stroke to the right.

A passage -6| leading from the left hand end of the reversing valve 42to the pilot valve 4| discharges to the pipe and passage 62 when fluidunder pressure is directed to the right hand end of' 'the'valve 42.These passages 60 and GI are reversed in function, the passage 6|becoming the pressure passage and the passage 60 the discharge passage,when the pilot valve 4| is moved axially to the right from the positionshown in Figure 3. This is because the pilot valve passage 4|3 thenconnects the upper end of the pressure passage 3'" to the passage 6|,cutting out the connection to the pipe 62, while the pilot valve passage4|0 cuts out communication to the pressure passage 3' and connects thepassage 60 to the discharge pipe 62. The pressure then passing to theleft hand end of the reversing valve 42, and being discharged from theright hand end ofthis valve, causes this valve to move to its right handposition, shutting off pipe 68, connecting the pressure passage 310through the valve passage 42| to the pipe 66, and connecting the pipe 22with the discharge passage 13 through the reversing valve passage 420,thus reversing the direction of traverse. A throttle valve 14 in thepassage 13 then performs the same function as the throttle valve 69 tocontrol the speed of traverse, as previously described.

Discharge reaches the valve 10, and this valve being open more or less,passes this valve into the passages H and ISO and from the passage |5|lit may reach a passage I30 past a throttle valve |3|. Discharge fromI30, H and I50 is controlled by the selector valve 43 to the dischargepipe 3| leading back to the tank 36 and in dress angular position ofFigures 3a, 3k to 3n the passage I30 only is always open to the passage3| through the ports |30a and |30b and through valve passages 432 and433.. With the, valve 43 in its left hand position as in Figure 3 returnflow is through the passage H as before described, and when the valve 43is turned counterclockwise from its Figure 3n position, the passage I50will be connected through the ports |50a and I50!) and channels 430 and43| and the return passage 3| and [30 will be connected by the ports|30a and |3|lb to the channels 43|] and 43|. The valves 10, |3I, theselector valve, and the supply tank and the pump 35 may be by-passed tothe pressure pipe 31 through the metering device P, which transfersfluid under pressure from the discharge passage 61 directly to thepressure passage 31.

In the normal automatic actuation of .the machine, the valve NJ ispartly open so that the discharge of fluid past it governs the normalspeed of traverse of the wheel slide, the metering pumpP then beingidle. This valve 10 is provided with an actuating shaft (see Figure 1)which extends out through the front face of the machine and is .providedwithan actuating handle 10 By turning this handle the valve 10 may beshut off entirely, whereupon the only discharge from the left handcylinder is through the metering device P, This metering device isprovided with a handactuatedcrankfllUZ so that by turningthisat th atedesired-the rate of discharge of the fluid; fromithe left-hand cylinderis controlled, thus controlling. the speed of. traverse; out:thercarriage; Whilezthe metering devicetmay be or any suitable.- type,it; isgsindieatedsomewhat diagrammatically; asbeing. a; gear ,pumpz,Such a; :h mDi'bei-ng. oi: the; constant delivery typ cal whichthe rate;of. flow-remains in at. least. sub: stantiallv'constant ratimto the;speed of actuation ot the pump permits; the operator: to feel the.

actioniOf, theigrinding-wheel or'other toolso that. hecam gage; thespeed. of traverse and the speed div-rotation: oft the: handlein;accordance,-v with At 1113; isposi-tioned a. check'valve which. pro.-ventsaanv' possibility of the passaeeof fluidiin. the opposite directionfrom. the pressure; line: 3 1 It willzbe; noted; that the: connectionitothis pressure line-causes: theeoil toybe; drawn, from; the left.

'axiailm; When the: traverse: has been carried as far: as desired to;the; 1eft, 'axial motiorrof the. pilot: valve 4|: to! the right: will:serve: to. reverse. thedirectiom of; motionimparted by themetering.device; P, or by the automatic; traverse; control: mechanism. shouldthEi throttle: valve: Ill be 'open..

The: throttle valve: I231: controls the speed t traverseduring thewheel: truing operation. I When; the.- selector valve 43 is: in theangular dressing: position both: passages TI and. I50 are:

shut off: as may hev seen-by an inspection. of Figuzies: 3m and: 311.",and in both. axial positions of this; selector valvel passage I isconnected. to the; discharge. passage. 3 Ii through the two similarvalve passagesi432 and 433. I 1

In. the showing of Figure 3, the metering device isi placed in; the.discharge: side ofthe fluid pressure circuit and acts to take fluiddischarged from one of.v the hydraulic cylinders and to force thisfluid: the other. fluid pressure cylinder.

It is,,however, quite-.possibl'e to place-the metering device. in thepressure side ofthe hydraulic systern. Such an arrangement is:illustrated dia-- grammatically'in Figurest and5.\ The metering device Pdraws its-fluid -supply from the intake side of the pump past acheck'val-vezllland delivers through apassage 201 tothepassage 310- inthe valve casing between the selector valve and I the? reversing valve.This passage 310, when the parts: are in position to-drive-the carriageto the left, is connected through the reversing valve 42 intoithe line-2Z Ieading-tothe right hand hydraulic oylinden' When theg-thro'ttle valve10 is open-,- themetering device P"- is by-passed, fluid under pressurefrom the pipe 31 leading from the pump 35 passing through the passage120 to the top'of the throttle valve 10, past this valve, and throughthe passage I30, valve passages 432 and 433, to the passage 310, whenthe valve 43 is positioned as in Figure 5, or through passages H and 430and 43! when the valve 43 is positioned as in Figure 4. takes placethrough the pipe 66 past the reversing valve, line 31, past the pilotvalve, and out through the discharge line 62 to the line 3|,

which returns to the tank 36. There is also a second: dischflge:through! the passage 68: from the.- reversing; valve 4% extending to.the: needle valve filliandgthe: line 61% which alsov leads into:thedischargezpipe 3 When the pilot valveltls, is: moved; to make:v the"reverse connectiona. it: first closes off, the: free passage: 61: so:that all. the; discharge: must;- pass througln the; valve-$9 this; thedischarge: and slowing downtime rate of. traverse: of; theqcarriaga'before." reverse connectionsaiiea made. to: drive/it in; the oppositedirection. g When: the dniv/eaisin theoppositedirection, the pilotvalve. 41: will be.- moved to *thexright from the position shown. inFigure 4', whereupon: the passage.- 2-2. to: the right hand cylinder"will be opened to.: discharge after 'thereversi'ng valve 42 has; beenvmoved to its opposite. extreme: position, and, the line: 66; leading tothe: l'eftahand cylinder'wi'll besupplie'd with liquid under pres sure.from the pressure line 31" and from the:

metering device. PC. It will be noted here, however, that the pressure:line for both directions of motion ofiithe. carriage. passes from the:pressure line 3 1 to. the upper face. of the throttle valve Ill throughthe passage 12!), this valve m': and also the-dressing. throttle valve"l 3 l beingthenin the pressure side of" thehydraulic: system rather"than in the: discharge side. as shown in Figure 3..

While there are other portsand passages shown than those; which: havebeen described;-

since they do not function as any-portion of the present invention, theyhave not been further described, their functions having been pointedoutinconnection with my Patent No, 2';1-76,985'

to: which: reference has already been made.-

From the foregoing description of" certain embodim'ents of" this:invention, it should beevident to those skilled in the art that variousfurther.

changes) and modifications; might be made without departing from thespirit or scope 'of this invention as definedbythe appended-claims;

1. In' a machine having atraversi-ngcarriage,

a reversihle hydraulic motor mechanism for driving said-carriage; 'ahydraulic system of which said-' motor forms a part, a supply pump insaid system directing-fluid under pressure to saidrnechanisma means insaid system for selecting the'di'rection of motion ofisai'd motormechanism, means in said. system for ad'giusting thereto of motion ofsaid motor mechanism as driven by fluid pressure fromsai'd' supply"pump; and amanually "actuated pump in said system intro:- du'cing fluidunder pressure between said" supply pump and direction selecting meansand bypassing said rate adjusting means. whereby when.

- said rate adjusting. means is set, to prevent mo- Discharge from theother cylinder tion'of said motor mechanism by fluid pressure;

derivedfrom said supply pump, said motor mech-j anism may be actuated bysaid. manually actuated pump at a. rate proportional to: the rate: of.-actuation of, said.manually operated pump and. said:

in direction depending on the setting of: direction setting means.

2. In a machine having a traversing carriage, reversing hydraulic motormechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid underpressure tosaid mechanism, means for selecting the direction of motionof said mechanism, a flow rate regulating means between said supply pumpand selecting means, and a manually operated pump connected to introducefluid under pressure into the system between said regulating means andselecting means.

3'. In a machine having a traversing carriage, a reversible hydraulicmotor mechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid underpressure to said motor mechanism, a discharge passage from said motormechanism, means for selecting the direction of motion of said motormechanism, and a manually operated pump connected to take fluid fromsaid discharge passage andintroduce it into the hydraulic system betweensaid supply pump and said direction selecting means. M

4. In a machine having a traversing carriage, a reversible hydraulicmotor mechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid underpressure to said motor mechanism, a discharge passage from said motormechanism, an adjustable discharge rate means interposed in saiddischarge passage, means for selecting the direction of motion of saidmotor mechanism, and a manually operated pump connected to take fluidfrom said discharge passage between said motor mechanism and saiddischarge rate means and introduce it into the hydraulic system betweensaid supply pump and said direction selectin means.

5. In a machine having a traversing carriage, hydraulic motor mechanismfor moving said carriage, means supplying fluid under pressure to saidmotor mechanism, means controlling the direction of motion of saidcarriage, means normally controlling the speed of motion of saidcarriage by said motor mechanism, a manually operated metering fluiddevice connected to drive said motor mechanism, and manually controlledmeans actuable to set said speed control means to prevent normal motionof said carriage, thereby to cause motion of said carriage to beproduced solely by actuation of said device.

6. In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversiblehydraulic motor .for moving said carriage in opposite directions andhaving a pair of ports acting alternatively as pressure and dischargeports, depending on the direction of motion of said motor, a fluidsource,

a pump for delivering fluid under pressure from 1 said source, fluidpressure and discharge passages for said motor, a fluid directing meansreceiving fluid under pressure from said pum and connected to said portsand passages to determine the direction of motion of said motor, andmeans in the hydraulic system for regulating the flow of fluid underpressure from said fluid pressure passage to said motor and from saidmotor to said discharge passage and adjustable to prevent flow of fluidtherethrough, of an operator-actuated constant delivery metering pump insaid system in by-pass relation to said regulating means and operativewhen said regulating means prevents flow therethrough to produce flow offluid from and to said fluid-directing means to produce motion of saidmotor at a rate determined by the rate of-actuation of said device andin direction determined by the setting of said fluid-directing means.

7.'In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversiblehydraulic motor for moving said carriage and having fluid passages foralternative supply and discharge depending on the direction of motion ofsaid motor, a source of hydraulic pressure, a discharge passage, meansfor directing fluid under pressure from said source to one or the otherof said motor passages while permitting flow to said discharge passagefrom the other or one fluid passage, and means in said discharge passagefor regulating the rateof discharge and adjustable to stop saiddischarge, of an operator-actuable constant delivery metering deviceconnected into said discharge passage in advance of said regulatingmeans and discharging into the hydraulic system between said source andsaid directing means, whereby operation of said metering device whensaid regulating means stops said discharge removes fluid under pressurefrom said discharge passage on the motor side of said regulating meansand forces it to said pressure supply to said directing means to causemotion of said carriage at a rate determined by the rate of operation ofsaid metering device and in direction determined by the setting of saiddirecting means.

8. In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversiblehydraulic motor for moving said carriage having fluid passages foralternative supply and discharge depending on the direction of motion ofsaid motor, a fluid supply, means for forcing fluid under pressure fromsaid supply, means for directing fluid from said forcing means to one orthe other of said motor passages while permitting discharge of fluidfrom the other or one motor passage, means for regulating the supply offluid from said forcing means to said directing means adjustable to stopsaid supply while permitting discharge, and an operator-actuatedconstant delivery metering device interposed between said supply andsaid directing means and by-passing said regulating means, whereby whensaid regulating means is adjusted to stop said supply operation of saidmetering device will supply fluid under pressure to said directing meansto cause motion of said carriage at a rate determined by the rate ofoperation of said device and in direction determined by the setting ofsaid directing means.

9. In a machine having a movable carriage, a fluid motor for moving saidcarriage, a fluid pressure operated valve for controlling the directionof such motion, a valve for controlling said reversing valve, meansnormally controlling the speed of motion of said carriage, a constantdelivery metering device in the fluid circuit of said motor, and meansfor rendering inoperative said normal speed controlling means, whereuponthe speed of motion of ,said carriage is controlled by operatoractuation of said metering device and the direction of motion by thesetting of said direction-controlling valve.

MERTON H. ARMS.

